Topic 2: Neurological, Perceptual, And Cognitive Complexities
Objectives:
1. Evaluate functions of the neurological, perceptual, and cognitive systems based on findings.
2. Propose an intervention for a patient with a cognitive complexity.
Assignment 1
Identify a common perceptual, neurological, or cognitive issue and discuss contributing factors. Outline steps for prevention or health promotion for the patient and family.
Assignment 2
Discuss characteristic findings for a stroke and how it affects the lives of patients and their families. Discuss the nurse’s role in supporting the patient’s psychological, emotional, and spiritual needs. Provide an example integrating concepts from the “Statement on the Integration of Faith and Work” located in Class Resources.
Assignment 3-A
Evidence-Based Practice Project: Intervention Presentation on Diabetes
Identify a research or evidence-based article published within the last 5 years that focuses comprehensively on a specific intervention or new treatment tool for the management of diabetes in adults or children. The article must be relevant to nursing practice.
Submit a reference and a working link to the article as a word document.
Assignment 3-B
Case Study: Mr. M.
It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse to demonstrate an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiological processes of disease, the clinical manifestations and treatment protocols, and how they affect clients across the life span.
Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mr. M., presented below.
Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below.
Health History and Medical Information
Health History
Mr. M., a 70-year-old male, has been living at the assisted living facility where you work. He has no known allergies. He is a nonsmoker and does not use alcohol. Limited physical activity related to difficulty ambulating and unsteady gait. Medical history includes hypertension controlled with ACE inhibitors, hypercholesterolemia, status post appendectomy, and tibial fracture status postsurgical repair with no obvious signs of complications. Current medications include Lisinopril 20mg daily, Lipitor 40mg daily, Ambien 10mg PRN, Xanax 0.5 mg PRN, and ibuprofen 400mg PRN.
Case Scenario
Over the past 2 months, Mr. M. seems to be deteriorating quickly. He is having trouble recalling the names of his family members, remembering his room number, and even repeating what he has just read. He is becoming agitated and aggressive quickly. He appears to be afraid and fearful when he gets aggressive. He has been found wandering at night and will frequently become lost, needing help to get back to his room. Mr. M has become dependent with many ADLs, whereas a few months ago he was fully able to dress, bathe, and feed himself. The assisted living facility is concerned with his rapid decline and has decided to orNeurological, Perceptual, and Cognitive ComplexitiesBy Angel Falkner and Sue Z. Green
Essential Questions
· What are the pathophysiological changes and abnormal findings associated with neurological, perceptual, and cognitive dysfunctions?
· Which neurological health conditions are most prevalent?
· How does the nurse manage these health conditions to restore the patient to optimal health?
· What measures can a nurse use to transition patients toward independence in managing their own care?
Introduction
Diseases of the neurologic system are multifaceted, often affecting every aspect of a patient’s life. Insult or injury to the brain can leave a patient with lifelong effects requiring psychosocial and physical adjustments that necessitate a great deal of support. While the nurse should be knowledgeable regarding the details of neurologic diseases, it is equally imperative for the nurse to anticipate the varying needs of neuro patients and provide resources and education to manage their care.
Neurological, Perceptual, and Cognitive Complexities
·
The brain controls the ability to think, enables awareness of and movement within the surrounding environment, and makes interaction with others possible. The brain’s cognitive abilities depend on sensory nerve input from the body. The various parts of the brain must be able to learn new information, recognize familiar persons and objects, recall past experiences, and apply all of these to current thoughts and actions. The spinal nerves must be intact to receive and send sensory and motor messages within the body and brain. Understanding the complexities of the organ, nerves, and various functions helps the nurse in determining care for a person experiencing altered health in this area. Awareness of normal function triggers the notation of changes in expected neurological activity. Diagnostic testing may lead to diagnosis of a neurological condition, demonstrate response to treatment, or reveal progression of a disorder.
Pathophysiology
Normal Function
The nervous system (NS) is responsible for the complex network of communication in the body through transmission of nerve impulses, an electrical stimulus. The various portions of the system have a variety of functions. The nervous system is divided into the
central nervous system (CNS)
and the
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
(see Figure 2.1). Both the CNS and PNS contain
neurons
, the smallest component of the NS (see Figure 2.2). The neuron has two extensions:
dendrites
and
axons
. Dendrites receive the electrical stimuli and transfer the impulses to the body of the neuron. Axons conduct the impulse away from the neuron body to other cells.
Figure 2.1
Components of the Nervous System
Figure 2.2
Anatomy of a Neuron
The following are examples of NS components with specific corresponding parts and functions:
· Components of the STATEMENT ON THE INTEGRATION
OF FAITH AND WORK
A
s a university, we believe that the message of Jesus Christ
bears profound implications, not only for individuals, but
also for society and the ways that we as individuals live
within it. The Lord Jesus instructed His followers to live
as salt and light within society, which implies a call to live out our lives
in ways that contribute to the common good. We are convinced that
this call extends to the workplace and that our respective vocations
represent vital opportunities to glorify God by serving others in ways
that promote human flourishing. Therefore, by God’s grace, we seek to
distinguish ourselves as a university by instilling a sense of vocational
calling and purpose in our students, faculty and staff in accord with
the following principles:
WE BELIEVE that God’s Word speaks authoritatively about creation,
fall and redemption as well as the restoration of all things through
Christ Jesus. Therefore, we are convinced that the Christian
worldview offers hope of restoration, not only for individuals, but
also for families, communities and societies in which individuals live,
work and serve one another.
WE BELIEVE that God the Almighty created the world, placed
human beings within it and blessed them by making them responsible
for cultivating and caring for creation. Therefore, we are assured that
our work within the world matters to God and our neighbors, and
that we honor God by serving others in ways that promote human
flourishing.
WE BELIEVE that Jesus Christ is both Savior and Lord and that all
who follow Jesus should seek His Kingdom and His righteousness
in relation to all aspects of human experience, including culture
and society. Therefore, we have resolved to carry out our work
within the public arena with compassion, justice and concern for
the common good.
WE BELIEVE that Jesus’ death, burial and resurrection secured
abundant and eternal life for all who believe and that Christ
transforms all that we say and do. Therefore, we are convinced that
Grand Canyon University should positively impact those who study
at, work for and live near the university in ways that accord with the
teachings of Jesus Christ.
WE BELIEVE that mankind was originally created in the image of
God and given responsibility over creation, but that all have failed to
fulfill their God-given purpose and responsibility. We believe that God
redeems and restores men and women in Christ, creating them anew
for the good works He has prepared them to do. Therefore, we are
confident that the work we do is a part of God’s calling on our lives
and a means by which we can glorify God as we meet others’ needs.
WE BELIEVE that regeneration by the Holy Spirit is essential for
salvation and that the work of God’s Spirit in the human heart
invariably results in renewed purpose and the growth of Christ-like
love for neighbors and neighborhoods. Therefore, we are certain that
God
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